Anesthetic nerve-blocking tablet.



ARTHUR E.

SMITH, OF CHICAGO,

ILLINOIS.

ANESTI-IETIC NERVE-BLOCKING TABLET.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, ARTHUR E.. SMITH, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Anesthetic Nerve-Blocking Tablets, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to anesthetic tablets, and more particularly to atablet having the necessary constituent ingredients to produce a localanesthetization under such conditions as will achieve the most desirablere su ts.

An anesthetic tablet of the foregoing nature is particularly useful innerve blocking Work. In order that the results achieved may be bestunderstood I will state briefly the steps heretofore usually employed insecuring the desired results and particularly the steps'employed bydentists and dental surgeons in operative work. Heretofore it has beencustomary to employ Ringers solution and to use in conjunction therewithand as entirely separate elements, novocain and suprarenin or adrenalin.The'function of the suprarenin or adrenalin is to restrict thearterioles wvhereby the rapid absorption of the anestheticc'. 6., thenovocain, into the tissues, is prevented. Otherwise the tissues wouldabsorb the solution very quickly and the part would not remainanesthetized for the desired length of time.

As has been stated, it has heretofore been customary to separatelyprepare the Ringers solution. This solution is made from tabletscomprising the following ingredients:

Sodium chlorid"; 0.50 Calcium chlorid 0. O4 Pottassium chlorid 0.02

and these tablets are dissolved in 10 cubic centimeters of distilledwater. It will therefore be seen that it is necessary for the dentist tomake up 10 cubic centimeters of the Ringers solution, because thesmallest tablets contain the above named chlorids in the Y amounts tomake 10 cubic centimeters of the Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 20, 1916.

Patented @ct. I6, 1917.

Serial No. 85,416.

the anesthetic solution to be injected, pour out the desired amount ofRingers solution andboil it. For example, we will suppose that theoperator is desirous of making 5 cubic centimeters of the solution to beinjected. He will pour out 5 cubic centimeters or 6 cubic centimeters,We will say, of the stock Ringers solution, place it over a flame andboil it for several minutes. According to our instructions inbacteriology, water and many other solutions, must be boiled for atleast fifteen minutes to render them sterile. Now, it is to beremembered that the Ringers solution which is being boiled contains,upon the start the proper amounts of the three chlorids but after being.boiled for I the necessary length of time, the operator no longer has atrue Ringers solution, because a certain amount of the water has beenlost in evaporation and the remaining solution is more or lesshypertonic or concentrated. In other words, the operator no longer has atrue Ringers solution, but a solution containing more chlorids than isfound in an equal amount of blood, and if injected into the tissue'osomotic changes will result. To

get the desirable results it is necessary to use an isotonic solution orone containing the right amounts of the chlorids. It is absolutelynecessary in injecting this local anesthetic solution into the tissuesto have it conform to the chlorids (salts) in the blood. If the solutionis not isotonic then the osomotic pressure of the solution will bedifierent from that of the surrounding tissues and will causepathological changes in the blood alrjid other tissues that are highlyundesira le.

Now, my invention consists in combining in a single tablet thesuprarenin or adrenalin, the novocain and the chlorids found in aRingers tablet, all in such proportions that no stock solution need bekept on hand, but that a fresh solution may be made from one of thesetablets whenever desired, so that all the necessary boiling of thedistilled water maybe. done before the chlorids are placed therein, andconsequently no reduction of the volume by evaporation can result in theproduction of a hypertonic solution.

While I have stated that novocain is the anesthetic employed, it is tobe understood that the invention is not limited to the employment ofthis particular anesthetic, for

other anesthetics may be substituted thereamount of solution and in for,while the basic idea of combining the anesthetic and the suprarenin oradrenalin in the same tablet with the ingredients used to produceRingers solution, remains the same. Furthermore, the particular amountof anesthetic employed may vary without departure from the invention. Myimproved local anesthetic nerve blocking tablet, as heretofore preparedby me, contains the following ingredients in substantially theproportions stated:

Novocain .02000 gram Suprarenin or adrenalin hydrochlorid .00004: Sodiumchlorid .00500 Calcium chlorid .00040 Potassium chlorid. .00020 where itis necessary to inject a large amount of the solution. The action ofsuprarenin or adrenalin is to constrict the arterioles and raise theblood pressure. In nerve blocking it is necessary to inject a. largethat case a tablet containing a large amount of -suprarenin or adrenalinwould be more or less dangerous, because it 'would cause high bloodpressure and produce a toxic effect. Therefore my invention contemplatesnot only the combining of the constituents of Ringers solu-l ananesthetic and suprarenin or tion; adrenalin in a single tablet adaptedto be added to the distilled water after the latter is boiled, but itgoes further than this in that I have reduced the amount of suprareninto 1/1600 of a grain, or .00004 gram. Consequently, a. solutioncontaining this small amount of suprarenin can be injected in greaterquantities than would be possible if a large proportion of thesuprarenin or adrenalin were used. I find that this small to suchproportions proportion of suprarenin is suflicient to hold theanesthetic in a circumscribed area for at least one hour and this givesthe operator ample time to complete his operation without pain to thepatient. This decrease in the amount of suprarenin results, as has beenstated, in increasing the volume of the solution that may be injectedand consequently renders it possible to use the necessary amount ofwater to produce the desired amount of Ringers solution.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim is:

1. A local anesthetic nerve blocking tablet containing the followingingredients combined in substantially the proportions set forth, viz.,

Potassium chlorid .00020 gram Calcium chlorid .00040 Sodium chlorid.00500 Suprarenin .00004 and Novocain .02000 2. A local anesthetic nerveblocking tablet which contains an anesthetic, a I vasoconstricting agentand the chlorids to produce a Ringers solution and in which the amountof the several ingredients is so proportioned that when said tablet isadded to that amount of water requisite for one treatment the solutionis isotonic to the blood and the vaso-constricting agent is insufiicient quantity to localize the anesthetic but not in sufficientquantity to produce an excessive general blood pressure.- 3. A localanesthetic nerve blocking tablet containing an anesthetic, avaso-constricting agent and the ,chlorids to produce a Ringers solutionand in which the amount of the vaso-constricting agent is restrictedwith relation to the chlorids that when said tablet is added to onemilliliter of distilled water the solution is isotonic to the blood andthe v'aso-con- "stricting agent anesthetic without the production of anexcessive general blood pressure.

In testimony whereof I afiiX my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ARTHUR E. SMITH.

Witnesses:

MEDORA A. Dronnson, ARTHUR LEWIsMILLER.

is suflicient to localize the'

